Tal Afar - Wikipedia. Tal Afar (Turkish: Telafer), pronounced /ta. Tal'Afar, Tall Afar, Tell Afar or Tel Afar, is a city and district in the Nineveh Governorate of northwestern Iraq, 6. Mosul. In Tal Afar itself, the population is mostly Turkmen, about 7. Shi’ites Muslims, while a quarter were Sunni . In Nineveh and its remains published in 1. Layard writes: “Tel Afer was once a town of some importance ; it is mentioned by the early Arab geographers, and may perhaps be identified with the Telassar of Isaiah, referred to, as it is, in connection with Gozan and Haran. It has been three times besieged, within a few years, by Ali Pasha of Baghdad, Hafiz Pasha, and Injeh Bairakdar Mohammed Pasha. On each occasion the inhabitants offered a vigorous resistance. Mohammed Pasha took the place by assault. Paralympian Marieke Vervoort says signing euthanasia papers to give her a "beautiful death" is the reason she is still living. More than two- thirds of the inhabitants were put to the sword, and the property of the remainder was confiscated. Great wealth is said to have been discovered in the place, on its pillage by Mohammed Pasha, who took all the gold and silver, and distributed the remainder of the spoil amongst his soldiers. In the 1. 88. 0s Tall . Also garrisoned at the fortress were Turkmen members of the Daloodi tribe who following the withdrawal of the Ottoman Army became the first civilian occupants of the town built around the fortress. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Tal Afar was included in Iraq. In 1. 92. 0, Tal Afar was used as a base of operations for a planned revolt against the then ruling British. According to map data, it has a total area of 1. Much of the terrain surrounding the city is flat desert. A major east–west highway, which spans the Ninawa Governorate and intersects Iraq’s main central north- south highway near Mosul, runs through the city. Tal Afar is organized into eighteen neighborhoods or districts: Sa'ad, Qadisiyah, Todd A- O, Sara, Mohalemeen, Madlomin, Uruba, Wahada, Nida, A'a lot, Hassan Qoi, Mothana, Khadra, Jazeera, Taliha, Kifah, Malain and Qalah (Turkish: Kale). Each neighborhood is able to maintain its identity due to the tribal nature of the city. Several dozen extended families living in close proximity will typically identify with one local sheikh who takes it upon himself to serve as steward of the neighborhood’s citizens and liaison to the local government. The layout of the town consists of densely packed buildings, often constructed so closely to each other that they share common load- bearing walls and supports. The city streets further physically define each neighborhood by separating it from other groups of buildings, since they cut through the town in irregular patterns. The United States Army and local government implemented a home address system to better identify specific locations and define jurisdiction for the Iraqi Police in the second half of the 2. Demographics. Many persons to the west identify themselves as Yazidis, and to the south and east Arabs. Many of the Turkmen of Tal Afar have been displaced and moved to areas further south in Iraq since ISIL captured the area. Many have also joined Iraqi forces fighting ISIL. The second- largest employer was the United States government. The 1. 01st Airborne 3rd Brigade was stationed at Tal Afar Airbase in 2. Battalion was stationed in the town proper. Unemployment was estimated to be as high as 8. August 2. 00. 6. During the 2. Iraq, the fortress was further augmented and made to house the city’s mayoral, municipal and police headquarters. The neighborhood including and surrounding the fortress is known as Qalah or . Strong family ties exist between residents of the city and relatives in Turkey. Approximately 2. 0 families live in the city whom identify themselves as Kurdish or Yezidi. Arab culture is also present and many residents don traditional Arab dishdashas and checkered headscarves. Western- style clothing is also common. Cuisine found in the city is similar to meals prepared in Arab/Turkish culture including unseasoned grilled lamb and beef, unleavened bread, rice, vegetable- based soups and indigenous vegetables such as potatoes, tomatoes, raisins and cucumbers. Politics and government. The mayor is appointed by the council of sheikhs and confirmed by the provincial regional administrator. The mayor need not be originally from the city nor Iraqi Turkmen. The mayor from 2. Najim Abdullah Abed al- Jabouri. His wife, notably, is a Shia Arab. The Iraqi Turkmen demographic of Tal Afar and its geographic location have made it an important city in the argument for Iraqi federalism. Following a program of . Geographically, the region the city is located in is a border area separating Kurdish lands to the north and Arab lands to the south in the Al Anbar governorate. Role in the 2. 00. Iraq. M1 Abrams battle tanks patrolling Tal Afar on February 3, 2. Soldiers from 4. 16th Civil Affairs Battalion and Turkish military observers speak with local officials are assessing the damages to local infrastructure. During the Iraq War in 2. Tal Afar as a staging point for attacks. Operation Black Typhoon. Fighting continued until September 1. Turkey claimed that the fighting had taken the lives of approximately 5. MALAYSIA 2015 THE OIL & GAS YEAR The Who’s Who of the Global Energy Industry www.theoilandgasyear.com ISBN 978-1-78302-096-6 9 781783020966 Catalyst for change. There is a breath of spring in this year’s European attractiveness survey. After much anticipation, investors seem convinced that Europe has at last broken free. List of Killings in the Name of Islam: 2015 This is part of the list of killings in the name of Islam maintained by. Watch full episodes free online of the tv series Mask - . Subtitled in Arabic, German, Greek, English, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian. Turkmen civilians and demanded an end to military operations at which time the civilians camped outside Tal Afar were allowed to return to their homes. However, Iraqi authorities lost control of the city in May 2. Operation Restoring Rights. Army's 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment and the 3. Airborne Infantry Regiment, 8. Airborne Division entered the city. The operation resulted in 1. Iraqi Security Forces suffered 1. The United States denied using chemical weapons in Tal Afar saying such reports were propaganda created by al- Zarqawi, and were false and without merit. New sewers were dug and the fronts of shops, destroyed in the assault, were replaced within weeks. Numerous police stations were built or rebuilt in the town by an Anglo- American construction team led by Huw Thomas. In March 2. 00. 6, U. S. President. George W. Bush pointed to Tal Afar as a success story, where one could . Colonel H. R. Mc. Master, commander of the operation became an advisor to General David Petraeus in the planning and execution of the 2. However, after years of intermittent violence, some commentators have said that the optimism expressed in 2. Their shared cultural background had united Sunni and Shia Turkmens. Political mobilisation in Tal Afar had until then been dominated by the Baath party. With no readily available movement to replace Saddam's Baathists, the collapse of the state disrupting everything from food to security and increasing distrust towards the Shia dominated Iraqi government, tensions started to arise. Grievances were stoked further when Sunni Islamists began to move into the town and Shia Iraqi security forces began purging Sunni's from the police force. In October 2. 00. Tal Afar killed 1. Iraqi soldiers. During the search, a policeman shot and killed a suspect and wounded two others. Police had already reported the death of one policeman. It was first reported to have killed 8. Iraqi Interior Ministry later raised the death toll to 1. The explosion, for which a terrorist group linked to Al Qaeda claimed responsibility, led to reprisal shootings by Shiite policemen and others against Sunnis, in which between 4. Several Shiite policemen were arrested for taking part in the shootings. In a separate incident a roadside bomb targeting an Iraqi army patrol killed an officer and wounded another soldier in Tal Afar. In another separate incident a man was killed in a rocket attack. After a police officer guarding a mosque prevented a bomber from entering the building, the attacker tried to throw a hand grenade and then detonated the explosive vest he was wearing. A few minutes later, another bomber ran towards a group of worshipers and blew himself up as police opened fire. They had been kidnapped two days earlier. Police reported that more than 7. Earlier, the Islamic State of Iraq, warned Shiites of . Since January 2. 01. Iraqi forces have taken areas south of the city, including the airport and are making final preparations to retake the city itself. References. Retrieved 8 May 2. The Real Surge Story (Washington Post)^. Department of Behavioral Sciences & Leadership. United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs. January 8, 2. 00. Archived from the original on August 1. Retrieved April 2. Peregrine, Melvin Ember, Inc., Human Relations Area Files, Pg 1. Dictionary of the Ancient Near East By Piotr Bienkowski, A. Millard, Yarim Tepe, 2. Pg 3. 26^The People's Bible Encyclopedia By Charles Randall Barnes, Telas'sar or Thela'sar, 1. Nineveh and its remains By Austen Henry Layard, 1. The Other Kurds: Yazidis in Colonial Iraq By Nelida Fuccaro, 1. A History of Iraq By Charles Tripp, Pg. Sitzungsberichte. Biologie, Mineralogie, Erdkunde und verwandte Wissenschaften. Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 5 September 2. Xinhua News Agency. December 2. 01. 4. Archived from the original on 1. January 2. 01. 5. New York Times. Retrieved 3 August 2. Forces Not Using Chemical Weapons in Tall Afar, Iraq^Poole, Oliver (2. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2. 01. 2- 0. White House Office of the Press Secretary. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. GOVERNANCE, IDENTITY, AND COUNTERINSURGENCY: EVIDENCE FROM RAMADI AND TAL AFAR(PDF). STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE and U. S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE PRESS. ISBN 1- 5. 84. 87- 5. Retrieved 2. 2 May 2. Forces Accused of Killing Relatives of Iraqi Ally^FACTBOX- Security developments in Iraq, Feb 2. Reuters)^FACTBOX- Security developments in Iraq, March 2 (Reuters)^Attacks kill up to 1. Iraq (Reuters)^FACTBOX - Security developments in Iraq (Reuters)^FACTBOX- Security developments in Iraq, July 8^FACTBOX- Security developments in Iraq, July 1. Blast Kills 2. 0 in Shiite Neighborhood of Northern Iraq City (NYT)^FACTBOX: Security developments in Iraq, July 3. Reuters)^Death toll rises to 2. Iraqi market bombing (AP via Google). May 1. 4, 2. 01. 0. Retrieved May 2. 4, 2.
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